Class Readings: User designer

A central objective of participatory design is to reduce the distance between designers and users, and so one interpretation of what happens is that we, through the characteristics of the process, change the people who might be 'users' to also become 'designers'. Although people active in the domain one is designing for certainly possess knowledge about that domain, their ideas about future use is just as much a prediction as anyone else's. Another interpretation is that could suggest an opening, namely that this is an attempt to pass on certain questions about use to the 'user', be it that it is done by bringing people into the design process rather than by leaving them open for future users to answer.

Class Reading: Social dimensions of wearable computers

Technical origin-wearable computers are , to a great extent, the product of two broad conceptual and technical development; ubiquitous computing and embedded computing.
The combination of ubiquitous and embedded computing gives rise to what nowadays is customarily called pervasive computing. Wearable computers translate the vision of connectedness and empowerment in to the sphere pf the human body.
A wearable computer is defined as a 'fully functional, self - powered, self contained computer that is worn on the body. Nowadays, the ultimate goal of the wearable computer is to make them proactive,communicative and aware.

Assignment4: Research Composition

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Movie : Simplification

Essay Research: Minimalism

-Minimalism-


Minimalism, the work is stripped down to its most fundamental features. The term minimalism is used to describe a trend in design and architecture where in the subject is reduced to its necessary elements. the work of De Still artists is a major source of reference for this kind of work. De Stijl expanded the ideas that could be expressed by using basic elements such as lines and planes organized in very particular manners. Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe adopted the motto "Less is more" to describe his aesthetic tactic of arranging the numerous necessary components of a building to create an impression of extreme simplicity, by enlisting every element and detail to serve multiple visual and functional purposes. A similar sentiment was industrial designer Dieter Rams' motto, "Less but better", adapted from van der Rohe. The structure uses relatively simple elegant designs. The structure's beauty is also determined by playing with lighting, using the basic geometric shapes as outlines, using tasteful non-fussy bright color combinations, usually natural textures and colors, and clean and fine finishes. May use color brightness balance and contrast between surface colors to improve visual aesthetics. The structure would usually have industrial and space age style utilities (lamps, stoves, stairs, etcetera), neat and straight components (like walls or stairs) that appear to be machined with machines, flat or nearly flat roofs, pleasing negative spaces, and large windows. This and science fiction may have contributed to the late twentieth century futuristic architecture design, and modern home decor. Modern minimalist home architecture with its unnecessary internal walls removed may have led to the popularity of the open plan kitchen and living room style.


-Minimal style-

Essay Research: Art Deco

- Art Deco -

Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939, affecting the decorative arts such as architectue, interior design and industrial design , as well as the visual arts such as fashion, painting the graphic arts, andfilm. This movement was, in a sense, an amalgam of many different styles and movements of the early 20th century. Art Deco was purely decorative. At the time, this style was seen as elegant, functional, and modern. The structure of art deco is based on mathematical geometric shapes. It was widely considered to be an eclectic form of elegant and stylish modernism, being influenced by a variety of sources.


- Art Deco -

Essay Research: Pop Art

Pop art is a visual artistic movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in parallel in the late 1950s in the United States. Pop art is one of the major art movements of the twentieth century. Characterized by themes and techniques drawn from popular mass culture, such as advertising and comic books, pop art is widely interpreted as either a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of abstract expessionism or an expansion upon them. Pop art, like pop music, aimed to employ images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any given culture. It has also been defined by the artists use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques that down play the expressive hand of the artist. Pop art at times targeted a broad audience, and often claimed to do so.
Much of pop art is considered very academic, as the unconventional organizational practices used often make it difficult for some to comprehend. Pop art and minimalism are considered to be the last modern art movements and thus the precursors to postmodern art, or some of the earliest examples of postmodern art themselves

-Pop art style-

Essay Research: De Still & Bau Haus

- De still -

After World War I there was a turning away from old forms and philosophies among architects and designers, just as there was among artists and writers. Many of the same abstract ideas came into play, as did ideas that incorporated the "machine" aesthetics of the new industrial age. In fact, one of the important trends of the 20th century would be the increasing parallels between - even merging of - art and design, which had been separated since the end of the renaissance.
The philosophy was based on functionalism, with a severe and doctrinaire insistence on the rectilinearity of the planes, which seem to slide across one another like sliding panels. All surface decoration except color was to be eliminated, and only pure primary hues, plus black and white were to be allowed.

De Still Style

- Bau Haus -

The Bau Haus school was established in 1919 in Dessau, Germany by a group of architects, engineers, and artists led by Walter Gropius. The ideals of this group were social and political as well as aesthetic. They sought solutions for the problems faced by the working classes in the depression years of Post World War I Germany. Their concerns included urban planning, housing, and the development of high-quality, utilitarian mass production of consumer goods.
A unique feature of their program was the melding of handicraft and industrial production methods. Crafts were thought to be the necessary first step in the training of engineers, architects and industrial designers. In this they differed from the theoreticians of the Arts and Crafts movement, who resisted the use of industrial methods and materials; yet the Bauhaus designers shared the Arts and Crafts veneration of the hand crafts. All engineering and design students took craft courses as well as painting, drawing, and theoretical studies in design and color.
The Design style of the Bau Haus group owed a great deal to the de Stijl group, some of whom joined the school as teachers. The ideal of form following function was also emphasized, emphasizing the honest and direct use of materials as the most "functional" way to design. The result was spare, rectilinear forms-- in architecture, for example, the structural components of steel, glass, concrete, and other industrial materials were to be used directly and honestly, without imitative form

Essay Research: Mass Productionism

Mass production, advantages and disadvantages

After the mass production has occurred, products could be manufactured faster and more. However the design and craftsmanship in the products had disappeared.

The economies of mass production come from several sources. The primary cause is a reduction of nonproductive effort of all types. In craft production, the craftsman must bustle about a shop, getting parts and assembling them. He must locate and use many tools many times for varying tasks. In mass production, each worker repeats one or a few related tasks that use the same tool to perform identical or near-identical operations on a stream of products. The exact tool and parts are always at hand, having been moved down the assembly line consecutively. The worker spends little or no time retrieving and/or preparing materials and tools, and so the time taken to manufacture a product using mass production is shorter than when using traditional methods.
The probability of human error and variation is also reduced, as tasks are predominantly carried out by machinery. A reduction in labour costs, as well as an increased rate of production, enables a company to produce a larger quantity of one product at a lower cost than using traditional, non-linear methods.
However, mass production is inflexible because it is difficult to alter a design or production process after a production line is implemented. Also, all products produced on one production line will be identical or very similar, and introducing variety to satisfy individual tastes is not easy. However, some variety can be achieved by applying different finishes and decorations at the end of the production line if necessary.

Essay Research: Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau

1890-1914, explores a new style in the visual arts and architecture that developed in Europe and North America at the end of the nineteenth century. The exhibition is divided into three sections: the first focuses on the 1900 World's Fair in Paris, where Art Nouveau was established as the first new decorative style of the twentieth century; the second examines the sources that influenced the style; and the third looks at its development and fruition in major cities in Europe and North America.
At its height exactly one hundred years ago, Art Nouveau was a concerted attempt to create an international style based on decoration. It was developed by a brilliant and energetic generation of artists and designers, who sought to fashion an art form appropriate to the modern age. During this extraordinary time, urban life as we now understand it was established. Old customs, habits, and artistic styles sat alongside new, combining a wide range of contradictory images and ideas. Many artists, designers, and architects were excited by new technologies and lifestyles, while others retreated into the past, embracing the spirit world, fantasy, and myth.
Art Nouveau was in many ways a response to the Industrial Revolution. Some artists welcomed technological progress and embraced the aesthetic possibilities of new materials such as cast iron. Others deplored the shoddiness of mass-produced machine-made goods and aimed to elevate the decorative arts to the level of fine art by applying the highest standards of craftsmanship and design to everyday objects. Art Nouveau designers also believed that all the arts should work in harmony to create a "total work of art," or Gesamtkunstwerk: buildings, furniture, textiles, clothes, and jewelry all conformed to the principles of Art Nouveau.

Art Neoveau Style-

Lecture Note Summary 10

- Future technology -

Future design can be come out from the history of design.

Example of making a future design.
+ Robotics – ASIMO, Honda motor company
+Leonardo De Vinci – Flying machine circa 1495
+MIT – Robostrider
+I-Robot Inc. – Ariel
+Stanford university – SPRAWL
+SRL, pioneer of robot wars (servival research labs)
+Robotlab “jukebox” 2001 – industrial robots become DJ’s.
+Robotlab “bios” 2007 – robot wrote the bible
+Stelarc “Third hand” 1981 “Bodies are both Zombies and Cyborgs. We have never had a mind of our own and we often perform involuntarily conditioned and extremely prompted.”
+Stelark – ¼ scale ear.

In the lecture I learned that the future design is a possiblility and chellenge. Designers keep trying making a new things, it can be a new trend or dissapeared.

Lecture Note Summary 9

- Politics of the Artificial -

+ The architecture of power: The case of imperial deth

+Imperial and architectural context
- Ancient seat of empires
- Jewel in the crown and key of empire
- Indian traditions - Muyhal and indic
- British traditions- Neocalssic and indo saracenic

+Imperial and architecutral theory
- Occidentalism VS Orientalism
- The politics of design
- Design by Dikton or Democracy
- Symbolism

+Imperial and Architectural practice
- Something old, something new, something borroned, something askew?
- Sir Edwin Lutyens- the viceroy is palace
- Sir Herbert Baker - Govt Secretariat
- Monument

Lecture Note Summary 8

- Philosophy of the artificial -

+ What is design knowledge? or, true knoeledge of design?

-The precursors to modern philosophy, and epistemology, first appeared in the 1700's in a period called “the enlightenment”.
- Design is very new subject.